white elephant-china power plant

Dynamic electricity tarrif ...an idea

Electricity has brought infinite possibilities to the life of people. Once used to it. It’s user can’t imagine life without electricity, that’s why demand is increasing day by day. This has created more demand then our power plants can cope. More over uneven distribution of electricity over the period of 24 hrs worsen the performance of power plants. Now a days peak load can be as high as 40% of base load. This creates immense stress on grid resulting in sudden collapse of poor quality of electric supply.

Electricity distribution is a complex system of network which connects generation to the user. Ensuring stability of the system requires fine balance of generation and consumption. If supply is more then demand or demand is more then supply, in both case complex network system can become unstable and collapse. It has happened many times in past

To some extent this problem of uneven loading can be solved by implementing 24 hours variable tariff plan for electricity users. This can ensure even distribution of power demand over the 24 hrs of the day. it is possible with  present technology. High rates at peak hours and low rates during lean demand will encourage users to plan activity to take advantage of it. This will ensure load as per base load all the time and avoid sudden peak loads.

Best way to judge overloaded grid is by frequency so metering can be designed in such a way that at low frequency it generates higher units and when frequency is higher it generates low units. Or else electrical meters can have sim card which are connected to the main server form where online rates are fed.

Trend of energy use is made available to users by which user can plan his works accordingly one can decide over using electricity with high rate at peak time to the low rate at lean time. Individual can set rates higher limit meaning that whenever rates crosses certain value as fixed by user, will automatically shuts off/ gives warning alarm to decide whether to remain in grid or get out of grid

Meters should have facility to meter pump in or power out and i.e. these meter should have reading both ways this will encourages distributed powers generators to pump in power to the grid. This will encourage user to install and operate micro power generating / storage units.

Era of mega power will over by next 2 decade. Next will be mini or micro power generator installed by individual user using solar , wind, biofuel, and such system will help these user to become self sufficient in power.

Efficiency

Solar Politics

It's possible to supply all the heating and electrical needs of an average household with the wise use of sunlight at a cost competitive with fossil fuel and nuclear power.

Why than is solar energy not more popular?

• Government has never adequately subsidized the development and use of solar energy.

• No social recognition for solar energy user. Even though they are helping in reducing carbon foot print.

• Poor home design which heat more in summer and less in winter

• The simplicity of solar application has not yet captured the imagination of the consumer.

• We are creatures of habit controlled by a fossil fuel empire.

The use of solar energy offers a safe, environmentally less destructive technology that can usher in a new era of post-industrial development. Little attention has been paid by current generations of scientist, politicians and planers to develop a society that operates in a framework of environmental and social stability. In the mad rush to plunder the earth of it's dwindling supply of non renewable resources, the planners of today's industrial world have forgotten the needs of future generations.

The energy we receive from the sun is our birthright like the air we breath or the water we drink. Dependence on non renewable energy concentrates such as fossil fuels is no longer necessary. The exploitation of resources and people for economic growth is no longer necessary. The absurdities of our current high energy era can only be corrected if the gentle politics of change are implemented to bring about a post industrial renaissance. Imagine a social order motivated by love, courage and curiosity rather than hate, fear and greed. . "A journey of a thousand miles begins with the first step." If you feel strongly about taking that first step there is something you can do. Unite together to promote the necessary research and development in the area of renewable resources. Tax oil more and tax home owners using solar less. Encourage small local businesses that are capable of sustaining a practical economy.

companies involved in non renewal resources extraction like oil and coal could not survive without the cooperative efforts of specialist needed to find, extract, refine, defend and deliver. I have no argument with the people who produce it. These producers are only doing their job in an unrestrained capitalist society. Our government is also encouraging the extraction of oil and coal in the name of sustaining economic growth.

What would your reaction be to a 100% Oil Tax hike? At first one may seem outraged for such a tax as it downright violates the laws of capitalism and free enterprise. RIGHT? Yet a brave stand on an oil tax is what we need to create new jobs and develop alternative, renewable, energy resources. To make a smooth transition from our energy dependent oil based economy into an energy independent "solar age" we'll need more than sunshine. We'll need an informed public and an honest government concerned about a sustainable future.

The households and commercial business that provide the solar electricity can receive credit point and at the end of the month, the authorities can determine how much they used and how much it produced through solar and other renewal sources accordingly then can get tax rebates



What countries would you suppose would be the world champions in installing and producing electricity from the sun with solar or wind energy? with its hi-tech prowess and seemingly endless sunshine, Israel should by rights be the world champion in solar electricity. It isn’t, in fact, the honor of top producer of energy from the sun belongs not to Israel, believe it or not, it goes to Germany.

That seems unlikely solar in Germany is so high considering Germany has an average of 1,738 hours of sunlight a year, working out to an average of just 4.8 hours each day. Compare that to Spain, with its average of 2,910 hours a year (8.0 a day) or Israel’s 3,468 hours a year, coming to an average of a whopping 9.5 hours a day. Despite its being solar-challenged, Germany produces some 12 percent of the electricity it uses annually from solar.

Why country like India with its longersunshine hours, can’t outdo or even match the electricity generated by solar of Germany or Japan, Italy, France, Spain or any of the countries that utilize their sunshine more effectively is clearly a matter of proper implementation of policy. Politics were a major factor in the decision making.

Every little bit of electricity produced by these systems has a positive impact on the environment, “every little bit” helps; more electrical power produced by solar means less burning of fossil fuels. There are a number of technologies available to turn solar power into viable energy. sunlight reaching the Earth’s surface is plentiful almost 6,000 times more than average power consumed by humans.

At one point in history, the whale oil industry was lobbying the government and predicting the collapse of economics if they didn’t subsidize the increasing cost of purchasing oil from the dead carcasses of mammals, then someone invented kerosene and the need for whale oil dropped off a cliff, thereby making the greedy argument of protectionism obsolete forever. Yet here is some genius, making the same argument again. world has always overcome with new techniques, new advances, new ways of doing business and I fully believe we’re going to do it again.

India is running out of coal. The power plants are running at less than 50% capacity. They are already importing huge amounts. There are power cuts all over. In some parts of the country there are mandated blackouts for more than half the day alternating every hour. That was the reason India signed the nuclear deal. Their back was against the wall. A sad story. Bad management of resources and corruption had led to this state of affairs. Of course there is disregard for environmentally friendly energy policy.

With all this we have plus side too…Now I can see good future through government policies, India was the first country in the world to set up a ministry of non-conventional energy resources, in early 1980s. In recent years India has been lagging behind other nations in the use of renewable energy (RE). The share of RE in the energy sector is less than 1% of India's total energy needs. Renewable energy in India comes under the purview of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy.

Some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 km² area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 giga watts. Central Government has proposed to launch its Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change with plans to generate 1,000 MW of power by 2013 and up to 20,000 MW grid-based solar power, 2,000 MW of off-grid solar power.

presentation on conservation and safety

presentation on conservation and safety

a usefull presentation having easy to follow ideas, which can be used in our day to day life.

Role of electricity on primary energy demand

Is electricity hindering primary energy demand to go down in absolute terms? Is electricity a high quality but polluting energy form, that should be only used when there is no alternative? With the increasing conversion efficiency of electricity in generation, increasing share of renewable electricity, the high efficiency at the point of use and the system level efficiencies, there is a lot of supporting evidence for a claim that electricity can save energy.

Growth in electricity consumption can be seen as fuelling GDP growth. Modernising electricity infrastructure increases economic productivity. All over world high growth of electricity's share in the total final energy mix has been steadily increasing.

Electricity is just an energy carrier, which due to its high quality, can be converted with high efficiency into practically any energy service. An integrated resource viewpoint should be taken when evaluating the efficiency of electricity to deliver energy services. For example an electric vehicle can be about twice as efficient in converting primary energy into transport services. Based on the integrated resource view, we can speculate that it is actually the growth in electricity consumption that is pushing down primary energy demand.

Electricity is a product, and just like any other product, it has certain quality characteristics such as voltage level and tolerance, frequency, environmental performance, But it also has very unique features. The main characteristic of electricity is its high quality, and its resulting capability to serve practically any energy service (light, appliances, motion, electronics, heat) from a single system. The price to pay for this high quality is the conversion loss in the thermal power station, a loss that has been steadily decreasing over the past century, and is now approaching its thermo dynamical limit). Serving all energy needs from a single system reduces cost of technical installations to the end-user. The capital becoming available could be used to invest in energy conservation, energy efficiency or renewable generation.

Electricity also has some disadvantages. It cannot be stored in large quantities in a practical way and at reasonable cost. As a result, supply and demand must match at all times in a fragile balance. It's the ultimate just-in-time product, consumed at the moment it is being produced, In fact, its users have as much influence over its quality than its suppliers. Considering this fragile balance, it is all the more amazing that we observe unplanned interruptions frequently in the electricity system . For example 100 minutes lost corresponds to 0.02% of the minutes in a year, or 99.98% availability. The best performance is achieved in the electricity systems of Austria, Germany and the Netherlands, and such high performance may not even be sufficient to power the digital economy. Meanwhile, the question remains whether the emerging electricity system of the future India will be able to achieve the higher goal.

When power stations convert primary energy into heat, and then into electricity, the conversion efficiency varies between 30% (older power stations) and 60% (modern gas-fired combined cycle stations). Therefore, the share of electricity in the energy mix differs dramatically between primary energy and secondary energy (or final energy). When converting this amount back to primary energy, a method called the 'physical energy content' is often used . For example:

Renewables: a factor 1

Nuclear: factor 3

thermal power plants: factor CO2 (e.g. 2.5 for coal, 1.7 for gas)

The average 'physical energy content' of electricity for Europe is around 3, i.e 3 kWh of primary energy is needed for each kWh of electricity. For a (hypothetical) electricity system based on a quarter each of renewables, nuclear, coal-fired and gas-fired combined-cycle stations, the conversion factor would be slightly above below 2.5. When taking transmission & distribution losses into account, the factor should be 4-10% higher. For electricity systems where additional electricity demand is supplied by renewables or combined cycle power stations, the primary energy factors would be respectively 1.07 and 1.8.

The efficiency of appliances to convert electricity into energy services is increasing steadily, and still has improvement potential. For example:

• Losses in refrigeration have been reduced historically by a factor 5, from the levels at the end of the 80's to the best available technology in class A+ appliances (fig 3).

• Energy use for individual lighting applications can be reduced by a factor 5 or more. Modern lighting solutions are 50-100 times more efficient than candles.

• Distribution transformers, one of the most efficient machines ever designed by man, can still reduce losses by a factor 3-4 through the use of amorphous iron

• In motor driven systems (pumps, compressors, fans, washing machines, electric trains), it is possible to reduce losses by 30% on average.

But the above examples just provide a static perspective, whereas electro technologies sometimes have more dramatic impacts at the systems level.

Because of its high quality, using electricity instead other energy carriers can have a boosting effect to save primary energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, even when including conversion losses in power generation:

• The use of high speed electric trains instead of air transport reduces primary energy use per passenger.km by a factor 3 and CO2 emissions by a factor 4.

• Using electric trains instead of diesel trains reduces CO2 emissions by a factor 4 and primary energy use by a factor 2 .

• Electric vehicles are twice as efficient as vehicles with internal combustion engines.

• Efficient heat pumps, drawing heat from the underground require 20-40 kWh of electricity to supply 100 kWh of heat; they typically reduce final energy demand for heating by at least a factor 3 and primary energy demand by at least 25%.

• With induction heaters for cooking, 90% of (final) energy goes in the pan, compared to 55% for gas-fired cooking.

• Modern high temperature heating solutions for industrial processes can in some cases save up to 80% of primary energy and up to 60% of CO2 emissions through their efficient use of primary energy

At the next level, electricity - the only energy carrier that can power the digital economy - enables system-level efficiencies, eliminating or drastically reducing the need for certain energy services like:

• Teleworking, Videoconferencing or webconferencing, reducing the need for travel

• Heating controls for building energy management, ensuring buildings are only heated when needed

• Dimmable lighting systems, ensuring exactly the right amount of light in the right place at the right time

• Process control technologies, especially in industry can drastically reduce energy

With the increasing conversion efficiency of electricity in generation, the increasing share of renewable electricity, the high efficiency at the point of use and the potential for system level efficiencies, there is a lot of supporting evidence for a claim that electricity can save energy. Considering the high quality of electricity, its inefficient use and high stand-by losses are a waste that needs to be avoided, without impairing its potential benefits to reduce primary energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in many other areas.